Bludorsa parulio

Kiel legi la taksonomion Bludorsa parulio
Bludorsa parulio
Biologia klasado
Regno: Animaloj Animalia Filumo: Ĥorduloj Chordata Klaso: Birdoj Aves Ordo: Paseroformaj Passeriformes Familio: Paruliedoj Parulidae Genro: Dendroica Specio: 'D. caerulescens'
Dunomo
Dendroica caerulescens (Gmelin, 1789)
Konserva statuso
Konserva statuso: Malplej zorgiga
Aliaj Vikimediaj projektoj

Hembra y macho. Dibujo de Louis Agassiz Fuertes.

La Bludorsa parulio aŭ Nigragorĝa parulio, Dendroica caerulescens, estas birdospecio de la familio de Paruliedoj kaj granda genro Dendroica.

Aspekto

Masklaj plenkreskuloj havas blankajn subajn partojn kun nigraj gorĝo, vizaĝo kaj flankoj; la supraj partoj estas tre malhelbluaj; inter nigraj flankoj kaj bluaj supraj partoj videblas la du blankaj flugilmakuloj. Nematuraj maskloj estas similaj kun supraj partoj pli verdecaj. Inoj havas olivecbrunajn suprajn partojn kaj helflavajn subajn partojn kun pli malhelaj flugiloj kaj vosto, griza krono kaj bruna makulo en vango. Ĉiuj birdoj havas du malgrandajn blankajn flugilmakulojn (en ŝultro kaj meze de flugilplumoj) kiuj ne ĉiam estas videblaj, kaj fajnan pintakran bekon. Kiel multaj parulioj, tiu birdo havas koloran plumaron dum printempo kaj somero, sed ties aŭtuna plumaro estas senkolora kaj malpli distinga. Aŭtune ĝi povas esti ankoraŭ identigita el aliaj similaj parulioj pro siaj malgrandaj blankaj flugilmakuloj.

Kutimaro

Ili reproduktigas en interno de deciduaj kaj miksitaj arbaroj en orienta Nordameriko. Ties nestoj estas malfermaj tasformoj situaj en dikaj arbustoj. La proksimeco de ties nestoj al grundo permesas ke la Bludorsa parulio estas favorata specio por la studo de la kutimoj de parulioj en naturo.

Tiuj nearktisaj birdoj migras al insuloj de Karibio kaj Centrameriko. Ili defendas sian teritorion kontraŭ aliaj birdoj de la sama specio kaj pro la nestumado kaj pro la vintra habitato. La Bludorsa parulio estas tre rara vaganto al Okcidenta Eŭropo.

Tiuj birdoj manĝas aktive en malalta vegetaĵaro, foje ŝvebe foje kaptante insektojn dumfluge. Bludorsaj parulioj ofte manĝas en unu areo kaj tuj moviĝas al la venonta. Tiuj birdoj manĝas ĉefe insektojn, inklude raŭpojn kaj tipoledojn kaj araneojn. Semoj, beroj kaj fruktoj povas esti aldonata al ties dietoj en vintro.

La kanto de tiu birdo estas zuma zii-zii-ziii kun suprena evoluo. La alvoko estas ebena ctuk.

Ĉar tiu birdo postulas grandajn kaj seninterrompitajn arbarajn areojn por nestumado, ties nombroj malpliiĝas.

Referencoj

• BirdLife International (2004). Dendroica caerulescens. Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj, eldono de 2006. IUCN 2006. Elŝutita 6a Majo 2006. Malplej Zorgiga.

Eksteraj ligiloj

• Bludorsa parulio, Informaro - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
• Bludorsa parulio - Dendroica caerulescens - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
• Bludorsa parulio, Speciinformaro – Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
• Poŝtmarkoj
• Filmetoj de Bludorsa parulio ĉe Internet Bird Collection

Plia legado

Libroj

• Holmes, R.T., N. L. Rodenhouse and T. S. Sillett. (2005). Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens). In The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology

Tezoj

• Black CP. Ph.D. (1976). THE ECOLOGY AND BIOENERGETICS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER (DENDROICA CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS). Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

• Bourque J. M.Sc. (1999). Coupe progressive et exploitation forestiere a l'echelle du paysage: Influence relative sur la productivite de deux passereaux forestiers. Universite de Moncton (Canada), Canada.

• Bowen LT. Ph.D. (2004). Seasonal relationships between birds and arthropods in bottomland forest canopy gaps. North Carolina State University, United States, North Carolina.

• Chmielewski A. M.S. (1992). The effects of right-of-way construction through forest interior habitat on bird and small mammal populations and rates of nest predation. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, United States, New York.

• Chuang HC. Ph.D. (1999). Extra-pair fertilizations and parental care in the black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens): Patterns and consequences of behavior. State University of New York at Buffalo, United States, New York.

• Darveau M. Ph.D. (1992). Impacts du deperissement des Erablieres sur trois especes d'oiseaux insectivores nicheurs. Universite Laval (Canada), Canada.

• Doran PJ. Ph.D. (2004). Intraspecific spatial variation in bird abundance: Patterns and processes. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

• Hall KR. Ph.D. (2002). An assessment of habitat quality of heavily- and less-browsed Michigan forests for a shrub-nesting songbird. University of Michigan, United States, Michigan.

• Hamady MA. Ph.D. (2000). An ecosystem approach to assessing the effects of forest heterogeneity and disturbance on birds of the northern hardwood forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Michigan State University, United States, Michigan.

• Harris RJ. Ph.D. (2001). The effects of fragmentation by forestry on behavior, movement, and reproductive success of black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens). Tufts University, United States, Massachusetts.

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• Nagy LR. Ph.D. (2002). Causes and consequences of individual variation in reproductive output in a forest-dwelling neotropical migrant songbird. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

• Paterson RLJ. Ph.D. (1981). CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NESTING HABITAT OF THE BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States, Virginia.

• Rodenhouse NL. Ph.D. (1986). FOOD LIMITATION FOR FOREST PASSERINES: EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FOOD REDUCTIONS (WARBLER, PREDATION, NEW HAMPSHIRE). Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

• Sillett TS. Ph.D. (2001). Long-term demographic trends, population limitation, and the regulation of abundance in a migratory songbird. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

• Steele BB. Ph.D. (1989). Habitat selection by breeding black-throated blue warblers: Different patterns at two spatial scales and the use of habitat for foraging and nesting. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

• Wallace GE. Ph.D. (1998). Demography of Cuban bird communities in the nonbreeding season: Effects of forest type, resources, and hurricane. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States, Missouri.

• Weeks KC. M.S. (2001). The foraging and nesting ecology of black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) and hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) in the southern Appalachians. North Carolina State University, United States, North Carolina.

• Whelan CJ. Ph.D. (1987). Effects of foliage structure on the foraging behavior of insectivorous forest birds. Dartmouth College, United States, New Hampshire.

Artikoloj

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• Burke D & Nol E. (2001). Age ratios and return rates of adult male Ovenbirds in contiguous and fragmented forests. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 72, no 3. p. 433-438.

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• Chuang HC, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (1999). Extrapair paternity and local synchrony in the Black-throated Blue Warbler. Auk. vol 116, no 3. p. 726-736.

• Chuang-Dobbs HC, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (2001). The effectiveness of mate guarding by male black-throated blue warblers. Behavioral Ecology. vol 12, no 5. p. 541-546.

• Chuang-Dobbs HC, Webster MS & Holmes RT. (2001). Paternity and parental care in the black-throated blue warbler, Dendroica caerulescens. Animal Behaviour. vol 62, no 1. p. 83-92.

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• Graves GR, Romanek CS & Navarro AR. (2002). Stable isotope signature of philopatry and dispersal in a migratory songbird. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol 99, no 12. p. 8096-8100.

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• Harris RJ & Reed JM. (2002). Effects of forest-clearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol 80, no 6. p. 1026-1037.

• Haskell DG. (1999). The effect of predation on begging-call evolution in nestling wood warblers. Animal Behaviour. vol 57, no 4. p. 893-901.

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• Holmes RT. (1994). Black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens). Birds of North America. vol 0, no 87. p. 1-22.

• Holmes RT, Black CP & Sherry TW. (1979). Comparative Population Bio Energetics of 3 Insectivorous Passerines in a Deciduous Forest. Condor. vol 81, no 1. p. 9-20.

• Holmes RT, Marra PP & Sherry TW. (1996). Habitat-specific demography of breeding black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens): Implications for population dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology. vol 65, no 2. p. 183-195.

• Holmes RT & Sherry TW. (1988). Assessing Population Trends of New Hampshire USA Forest Birds Local Vs. Regional Patterns. Auk. vol 105, no 4. p. 756-768.

• Holmes RT & Sherry TW. (2001). Thirty-year bird population trends in an unfragmented temperate deciduous forest: Importance of habitat change. Auk. vol 118, no 3. p. 589-609.

• Holmes RT, Sherry TW, Marra PP & Petit KE. (1992). Multiple Brooding and Productivity of a Neotropical Migrant the Black-Throated Blue Warbler Dendroica-Caerulescens in an Unfragmented Temperate Forest. Auk. vol 109, no 2. p. 321-333.

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• Marra PP & Holmes RT. (1997). Avian removal experiments: Do they test for habitat saturation or female availability?. Ecology. vol 78, no 3. p. 947-952.

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