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Gazeto de registro

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Gazeto de registro aŭ Referenca gazeto (laŭ angle Newspaper of record kaj france Presse de référence) estas grava nacia gazeto kun granda cirkulado, kies redaktaj kaj novaĵkolektaj funkcioj estas konsiderataj aŭtoritataj kaj sendependaj; ili estas do "gazetoj de registro laŭ reputacio" kaj inkluzivas kelkajn el la plej malnovaj kaj plej vaste respektataj gazetoj en la mondo. La nombro kaj tendenco de "gazetoj de registro laŭ reputacio" rilatas al la stato de gazetara libereco kaj politika libereco en lando. [1]

Ĝi ankaŭ povas esti gazeto rajtigita publikigi publikajn aŭ jurajn avizojn, tiel servante kiel gazeto de publika registro. Gazeto, kies redakcian enhavon regas la ŝtato, povas esti nomata oficiala gazeto de registro, sed la manko de redakcia sendependeco signifas, ke ĝi ne estas "gazeto de registro laŭ reputacio". Gazetoj de registro laŭ reputacio, kiuj fokusiĝas pri komerco, ankaŭ povas esti nomataj gazetoj de financa registro.

Gazetoj de publika registro

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"Publika gazeto", aŭ registara gazeto, rilatas al publike havebla gazeto rajtigita de registaro publikigi publikajn aŭ jurajn avizojn. [2] Ĝi ofte estas establita per statuto aŭ oficiala akto, kaj la publikigo de avizoj en ĝi, ĉu fare de la registaro aŭ privata partio, estas konsiderata sufiĉa por plenumi la jurajn postulojn por publika avizo. [3] Tiaj gazetoj povas havi minimuman aŭ neniun redakcian enhavon (opinartikoloj), kaj fokusiĝas al publika sciigo pri ŝtataj servoj kaj ŝtataj decidoj; ekzemploj estas la The London Gazette, la Canada Gazette, la The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette kaj la latvia Latvijas Vēstnesis. [4]

En iuj jurisdikcioj, private posedataj gazetoj povas registriĝi ĉe la registaro por publikigi publikajn kaj jurajn avizojn, aŭ alie rajtas publikigi tiajn avizojn (terminoj uzataj povas inkluzivi "gazeto de ĝenerala cirkulado" inter aliaj). [5][6][7] Simile, privata gazeto povas esti nomumita de la tribunaloj por publikigo de juraj avizoj, kiel ekzemple avizoj pri fikciaj komercaj nomoj, se juraj kaj laŭleĝaj normoj estas plenumitaj. [8][9] Ĉi tiuj estas foje nomataj "laŭleĝe adjudikitaj gazetoj". [10]

Registaraj organoj

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La termino "publikaj gazetoj" ankaŭ povas indiki tiujn posedatajn kaj funkciigatajn de registaro, kiu direktas ilian tutan redakcian enhavon. Tiaj gazetoj, kvankam pejorative nomataj " ŝtataj porparolantoj ", ankaŭ povas esti nomataj "oficialaj gazetoj", sendepende de ĉu ili publikigas jurajn avizojn - distingante ilin de gazeto, kies ĉefa rolo estas publikigi avizojn, ĉar ilia tuta enhavo reprezentas la oficialan vidpunkton kaj doktrinon de la ŝtato. Ĉi tiu speco de oficiala gazeto estas malsama ol gazetoj laŭ reputacio, kaj emas malsukcesi la reputacian kriterion pro sia registara kontrolo. La vorto "oficiala" povas esti uzata por distingi ilin de "gazetoj laŭ reputacio". Ekzemploj inkluzivas la rusan Rossiyskaya Gazeta, [11] la nordkorean Rodong Sinmun, [12] kaj la ĉinan Renmin Ribao (People’s Daily). [13]

Gazetoj de registro de reputacio

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Unua eldono de Neue Zürcher Zeitung (1780), plej malnova gazeto de la mondo de registro de reputacio

La dua tipo de "gazeto de registro" (ankaŭ "revuo de registro" aŭ en la franca presse de référence) ne estas difinita de formalaj kriterioj kaj ties karakterizaĵoj varias. La kategorio konsistas gazetojn kiu estas konsiderita renkonti altajn normojn de ĵurnalismo, inkluzivanta redakcian sendependecon (precipe de la registaro kaj de ties posedantoj), respondigeblecaj (eraroj estas agnoskita), atento al detaloj, precizeco, pridiskutada amplekso kaj ekvilibro de priraportado; [14] ili estas rigardita internacie (tiel kiel en ilia propra landa regiono) de gravaj tutmondaj establoj. [15][2]

Malgraŭ ŝanĝoj en la socio, gazetoj registritaj laŭ reputacio historie emis konservi similan tonon, raportadon, stilon kaj tradiciojn; multaj estas pli ol jarcenton malnovaj kaj kelkaj pli ol du jarcentojn malnovaj (ekz., Neue Zürcher Zeitung, The Times, The Guardian, Le Figaro kaj The Sydney Morning Herald). [15] Gazetoj registritaj laŭ reputacio povas esti respektataj pro la precizeco kaj kvalito de sia raportado kaj tamen esti aŭ ideologie konservativaj (ekz., The Wall Street Journal kaj The Telegraph) aŭ ideologie liberalaj (ekz., The Washington Post kaj The Guardian). [16]

Kvankam multaj landoj estas fieraj de iliaj gazetoj de registro de reputacio, en kelkaj landoj ili alfrontas publike malamikan staton aŭ politikan sistemon kiu provas subpremi iliajn gazetarajn liberecojn. Ekzemploj estas Cumhuriyet de Turkio, kie multaj de la personaroj estis malliberigita; [17] La Pernsa de Panamo, kies personaro estis pafita kaj la posedantoj devigitaj en ekzilon; [18] kaj El Nacional de Venezuelo, [19] kiu estis devigita ĉesi presado kiam la ŝtato kaptis ties posedaĵojn (vidu ekzemplojn de ne plu funkciantaj gazetoj de registro).

Etimologio

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La termino estas kredita deveni inter bibliotekistoj kiu komencis referenci al The New York Times kiel la "gazeto " de registro" kiam ĝi fariĝis la unua Usona gazeto en 1913 eldoni indekson de la temoj kiujn ĝi kovras. [2] La The New York Times kaj aliaj gazetoj de ĝia tipo serĉis kroniki eventojn, agante kiel registro de la anoncoj de la tago, horaroj, adresaroj, procedaĵoj, transskribaĵoj kaj nomumoj. Ekde 2004, The New York Times ne plu konsideras sin mem gazeto de registro en la originala, laŭvorta senso. [20]

Ekzemploj de ekzistantaj gazetoj

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Lando Regiono Logoo Nomo Urbo de publikigo Fondita Lingvo Ref.
Argentino Sudameriko La Nación La Nación Bonaero 1870 hispana [19][21]
Aŭstralio Oceanio The Age logo The Age Melburno 1854 angla [14][16]
The Sydney Morning Herald Sidnejo 1831 [22][14][16]
Aŭstrio Okcidenta Eŭropo Die Presse logo Die Presse Vieno 1848 germana [23]
Der Standard logo Der Standard 1988 [24]
Bahamoj Nordameriko The Nassau Guardian The Nassau Guardian Nasaŭo 1844 angla [25]
Bangladeŝo Suda Azio The Daily Star The Daily Star Dako 1991 angla [26][27]
Belgio Okcidenta Eŭropo Le Soir Le Soir Bruselo 1887 franca [28]
De Standaard De Standaard Groot-Bijgaarden 1918 nederlanda [29]
Bolivio Sudameriko El Diario El Diario La-Pazo 1904 hispana [30]
Brazilo Sudameriko O Estado de S. Paulo Logo O Estado de S. Paulo San-Paŭlo 1875 portugala [31][32]
Folha de S.Paulo Folha de S.Paulo 1921 [33]
O Globo O Globo Rio-de-Ĵanejro 1925 [19]
Kanado Nordameriko Le Devoir Le Devoir Montrealo 1910 franca [34]
La Presse La Presse 1884 [35][36]
The Globe and Mail The Globe and Mail Toronto 1844 angla [37][38][39][40][16]
Ĉilio Sudameriko El Mercurio El Mercurio Santiago 1900 hispana [19][41]
Kolombio Sudameriko El Tiempo El Tiempo Bogoto 1911 hispana [19][42][43]
El Espectador El Espectador Bogoto 1887 hispana [44][45][46]
Kostariko Centrameriko La Nación logo La Nación San-Joseo 1946 hispana [47][48][49]
Ĉeĥio Okcidenta Eŭropo Lidové noviny Lidové noviny Prago 1893 ĉeĥa [50]
Danio Norda Eŭropo Berlingske Berlingske Kopenhago 1749 dana [51][52][53]
Dominika Respubliko Nordameriko Listín Diario logo Listín Diario Sankta Domingo 1889 hispana [54][55]
Ekvadoro Sudameriko El Comercio logo El Comercio Kito 1921 hispana [19][56][57]
Egiptujo Nordafriko Al-Ahram Kairo 1875 Araba [58][59][60]
Al-Masry Al-Youm Al-Masry Al-Youm 2004 [61]
Finnlando Norda Eŭropo Helsingin Sanomat Helsingin Sanomat Helsinko 1889 finna [51][62]
Francio Okcidenta Eŭropo Le Figaro Le Figaro Parizo 1826 franca [63][64][65]
Libération Libération 1973 [63][66]
Le Monde Le Monde 1944 [63][67][68][65]
Germanio Okcidenta Eŭropo Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Frankfurto 1949 germana [69][70][71]
Logo-der spiegel Der Spiegel Hamburgo 1947 [72][73][74][75]
Süddeutsche Zeitung Süddeutsche Zeitung Munkeno 1945 [69][76]
Die Welt Die Welt Berlino 1946 [77]
Die Zeit Die Zeit Hamburgo 1946 [76][65]
Grekio Suda Eŭropo Kathimerini Kathimerini Ateno 1919 greka [78][79]
Gvatemalo Nordameriko Prensa Libre Prensa Libre Gvatemalurbo 1951 hispana [80]
Haitio Nordameriko Le Nouvelliste Portoprinco 1898 franca [81][82]
Honkongo Orienta Azio The South China Morning Post South China Morning Post Honkongo 1903 angla [83][84]
Islando Norda Eŭropo Morgunblaðið Rejkjaviko 1913 Islanda [85][86]
Barata Suda Azio The Hindu The Hindu Ĉenajo 1878 angla [87][88]
The Times of India The Times of India Mumbajo 1838 [16][89][14]
Indonezio Sudorienta Azio Kompas Kompas Ĝakarto 1965 indonezia [90][91]
Irano Okcidenta Azio Ettela'at Ettela'at Teherano 1926 persa [92][93]
Irlando Norda Eŭropo The Irish Times The Irish Times Dublino 1859 angla [94][14][95]
Israelo Okcidenta Azio Haaretz Haaretz Tel-Avivo 1919 hebrea kaj angla [96][97][98][99][16]
Italio Suda Eŭropo Il Sole 24 Ore Il Sole 24 Ore Milano 1965 itala [100]
Corriere della Sera Corriere della Sera Milano 1876 [101][102][103][104]
La Stampa La Stampa Torino 1867 [105][104]
La Repubblica la Repubblica Romo 1976 [103]
Il Messaggero Il Messaggero Romo 1878 [106]
Jamajko Nordameriko The Gleaner The Gleaner Kingstono 1834 angla [107][108]
Japanio Orienta Azio The Asahi Shimbun The Asahi Shimbun Osako 1879 japana kaj angla [109][110][111]
Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) Tokio 1876 [112]
Yomiuri Shimbun Yomiuri Shimbun 1874 [113]
Mainichi Shimbun Mainichi Shimbun 1872 [114]
Kenjo Orienta Afriko Daily Nation Daily Nation Najrobo 1960 angla [115][116][117]
Libano Okcidenta Azio An-Nahar An-Nahar Bejruto 1933 Araba [118]
Malajzio Sudorienta Azio New Straits Times New Straits Times Kuala-Lumpuro 1965 angla [1][119][120]
Meksiko Nordameriko Excélsior Excélsior Meksikurbo 1917 hispana [121]
Reforma 1993 [19]
Nederlando Okcidenta Eŭropo NRC NRC Amsterdamo 1970 nederlanda [122]
Nepalo Azio Kantipur Katmanduo 1993 nepala [123]
Nov-Zelando Oceanio New Zealand Herald The New Zealand Herald Aŭklando 1863 angla [14][124]
Niĝerio Okcidenta Afriko The Guardian Lagoso 1983 angla [125][126][127]
Nord-Koreio Orienta Azio Rodong Sinmun Rodong Sinmun Pjongjango 1945 korea [12]
Norvegio Norda Eŭropo Aftenposten Aftenposten Oslo 1860 norvega

(Riksmål)

 [128][129]
Pakistano Suda Azio Dawn Dawn Karaĉio 1941 angla [130][131][132]
Suda Azio Jang Karaĉio 1939 la urdua [133][134]
Panamo Nordameriko La Prensa La Prensa Panamurbo 1980 hispana [135][136][18]
Paragvajo Sudameriko ABC Color ABC Color Asunciono 1967 hispana [137]
Peruo Sudameriko El Comercio El Comercio Lima 1839 hispana [19]
Filipinoj Sudorienta Azio Philippine Daily Inquirer Philippine Daily Inquirer Makati 1985 angla [138][139]
Pollando Orienta Eŭropo Gazeta Wyborcza Gazeta Wyborcza Varsovio 1989 pola [140][141]
Rzeczpospolita Rzeczpospolita 1920 [140][142]
Portugalio Suda Eŭropo Diário de Notícias Lisbono 1864 portugala [143][144]
Publico Público Lisbono 1990 [145][146][147]
Respubliko Kongo Centra Afriko La Semaine Africaine Brazavilo 1952 franca [148][149]
Rumanio Centra Eŭropo Adevărul Bukareŝto 1871 Rumana [150][151][152]
Serbio Suda Eŭropo Politika Politika Beogrado 1904 Serba [153][154]
Danas Danas Beogrado 1997 [155]
Singapuro Sudorienta Azio The Straits Times The Straits Times Singapuro 1845 angla [1][156][157]
Sud-Afriko Sud-Afriko Mail & Guardian Johanesburgo 1985 angla [1]
Sud-Koreio Orienta Azio The Chosun Ilbo The Chosun Ilbo Seulo 1920 korea [158]
The Dong-A Ilbo The Dong-A Ilbo 1920 [158]
JoongAng Ilbo JoongAng Ilbo 1965 [158]
Hispanio Suda Eŭropo La Vanguardia La Vanguardia Barcelono 1881 hispana [159]
El Mundo El Mundo Madrido 1989 [160][161]
El País El País 1976 [162][163][161]
Svedio Norda Eŭropo Dagens Nyheter Dagens Nyheter Stokholmo 1864 sveda [164][165]
Svislando Okcidenta Eŭropo Neue Zürcher Zeitung Neue Zürcher Zeitung Zuriko 1780 germana [166][167][168][161]
Le Temps Le Temps Ĝenevo 1998 franca [169][168][170]
Tajlando Sudorienta Azio Bangkok Post Bangkok Post Bangkoko 1946 angla [171][172][173]
Trinidado kaj Tobago Nordameriko Trinidad and Tobago Guardian Trinidad and Tobago Guardian Portospeno 1917 angla [174][175]
Turkio Okcidenta Azio Cumhuriyet Cumhuriyet Istanbulo 1924 Turka [17]
Unuiĝinta Reĝlando Norda Eŭropo The Daily Telegraph The Daily Telegraph Londono 1855 angla [14][176][16]
The Financial Times Financial Times 1888 [14][16][177][161]
The Guardian The Guardian 1821 [16][161][178]
The Times The Times 1785 [176][14][16]
Usono Nordameriko Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Times Los-Anĝeleso 1881 angla [14][16]
The New York Times The New York Times Novjorko 1851 [14][16][179][1]
The Wall Street Journal The Wall Street Journal 1889 [14][16][161][180]
The washington Post The Washington Post Vaŝingtono 1877 [14][16][161][180]
Vatikanurbo Suda Eŭropo L'Osservatore Romano L'Osservatore Romano Romo 1861 la itala, la angla, la franca, la hispana, la germana, la pola kaj la portugala [181][182]

|[19]

Ekzemploj de ne plu funkciantaj gazetoj

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La eksa sidejo de El Nacional, la venezuela longa-establita gazeto de registro, [19] kiu estis kaptita de la ŝtato en 2018 kaj devigita de ĉesi presado. [183]

Laŭ la paso de la tempo, kelkaj establitaj gazetoj de registro de reputacio perdis ilian statuson pro financa disfalo, akiro aŭ fuzio de alia ento kiu ne havis la samajn normojn aŭ permesis pliigitan registaran kontrolon kaj premado de redakcia sendependeco de la eldonaĵo. La ekzisto de gazetoj de registro de reputacio estas aspekto de la nivelo de gazetara libereco kaj politika libereco en lando, kun gravaj unua-mondaj demokratioj havantaj pluraj tiaj gazetoj (ekz. Usono, Britio, Germanio, Francio, Kanado, Italio kaj Japanio); en kontrasto, landoj kiu vidis malpliiĝon en iliaj gazetoj de registro de reputacio povas reprezenti malpliiĝon en niveloj de persona kaj politika libereco (ekz. Zimbabvo, Venezuelo kaj Kamboĝio). [1]

  • The Herald de Zimbabwe, perdis ties statuson kiel establita gazeto de registro kiam ĝi estis transprenita de Zanu-PF partio de Robert Mugabe. [184]
  • El Nacional, la gazeto de registro de Venezuelo, estis devigita eleldoniĝi fare de la ŝtato en 2018 kaj ties sidejo estis donita al altranga oficialulon.
  • Londono-bazita tutaraba gazeto de registro, Al-Hayat, ĉesis en 2020 pro financaj kaj politikaj premoj. [185][186]
  • En Kamboĝio, la Hun Sen administro devigis ambaŭ de la gazetoj de registro de la lando elkomerciĝi uzante arbitraj impostaj monpunoj kiuj finfine rezultis en la fermiĝo de The Cambodia Daily en 2017 kaj la vendo de The Phnom Penh Post al proksima alianculo de la Hun Sen administro en 2018. [187][188]
  • latva gazeto Diena vidis ties establita statuson kiel gazeto de registro malgrandiĝas en 2010 post akiro. La la Historia Vortaro de Latvio (2017) enlistigas ĝin kiel "arde tenanta al populara sento de gazeto-de-registro ĉe hejmo kaj eksterlande" pro "demandoj de proprieco kaj se okazis posedanta influo al la gazeta enhavo". [189]
  • Népszabadság, la de facto hungara gazeto de registro, ĉesis eldonadon en 2016 pro politika kaj financa premo. [190]

Referencoj

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Christopher, H. Sterling. (2009) “A–C”, Encyclopedia of Journalism 1. SAGE Publishing. ISBN 978-0761929574.
  2. 1 2 3 Martin, Shannon E.. (1998) Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-95960-0.
  3. ↑ (1990) Black's Law Dictionary, 6th edn.. West Publishing. ISBN 90-6544-631-1.
  4. ↑ House, Freedom. (13 September 2004) Nations in Transit 2004: Democratization in East Central Europe and Eurasia (angle). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781461731412.
  5. ↑ See, for example, L.N. 362 of 1997 of The Government of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette
  6. ↑ For example, see Texas Local Government Code - Section 52.004. Official Newspaper Arkivigite je 2016-06-09 per la retarkivo Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ 1.12 Official Newspaper - City of McCleary. Arkivita el la originalo je 27 December 2021. Alirita 20 July 2022 .
  8. ↑ See, e.g., California Government Code, Sec. 6000 - 6008. California State Legislature. Alirita 12 March 2020 .
  9. ↑ New York Consolidated Laws, General Construction Law - GCN § 60.
  10. ↑ Fictitious Names: Adjudicated Newspapers. County Clerk. County of Sonoma. Arkivita el la originalo je 29 October 2012. Alirita 4 October 2012 .
  11. ↑ Zadorozhnii, Oleksandr. (July 2017) International Law in the Relations of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. K.I.S. ISBN 978-6176841463.
  12. 1 2 (January 2021) “City profile: Is Pyongyang a post-socialist city?”, Cities 108, p. 102950. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.102950. 225116450. “... a line that appeared in Rodong Sinmun (Rodong Sinmun, 1999, 29) the official newspaper of record in North Korea.”.
  13. ↑ . China is furious and Australia should expect more backlash after questioning its influence (14 December 2017). Alirita 10 May 2022 . “Most significantly, the People's Daily, China's official newspaper of record, had a special signed editorial attacking Australia's government and media.”.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Caulfield, Mike (8 January 2017), "National Newspapers of Record" (in en), Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers (Self-published), archived from the original on 2020-10-02, https://web.archive.org/web/20201002154749/https://webliteracy.pressbooks.com/chapter/national-newspapers-of-record/, retrieved 20 July 2020
  15. 1 2 (January 2010) “Media Coverage of the Internet: An Acculturation Strategy for Press of Record?”, Innovation Journalism 7 (1), p. 5. Alirita 13 June 2011.. Arkivigite je 2016-03-03 per la retarkivo Wayback Machine
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 (30 May 2017) The Broadview Guide to Writing: A Handbook for Students, 6‑a eldono, Broadview Press, p. 27–. ISBN 978-1-55481-313-1.
  17. 1 2 "Turkish activists decry attack on press freedom as journalists stand trial", 24 July 2017.
  18. 1 2 (November 1995) “Four Journalists Win Columbia University's Cabot Prizes For Coverage of Latin America”, Columbia University Record 21 (9). Alirita 9 May 2022.. “For the past 15 years, Mr. Eisenmann has led Panama's internationally respected daily newspaper of record, La Prensa, as founding editor and publisher.”.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Johnston, Donald H.. (2003) “Chapter: Freedom of the Press in Latin America”, Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications 2. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0123876706. “...the newspaper of record in any country is compulsory reading for political, business, and cultural leaders and the most prestigious such papers in the region, organized into the Grupo de Diarios America, are La Nacion (Buenos Aires, Argentina), O Globo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), El Tiempo (Bogota, Colombia), El Mercurio (Santiago, Chile), El Comercio (Ecuador), Reforma (Mexico), El Nuevo Dia Interactivo (Puerto Rico), El Comercio (Lima, Peru), El Pais (Montevideo, Uruguay), and El Nacional (Caracas, Venezuela)”.
  20. ↑ Okrent, Daniel, "Paper of Record? No Way, No Reason, No Thanks", The New York Times, 25 April 2004.
  21. ↑ Beezley, William H.. (September 2021) Latin America 2020-2022, 54‑a eldono, Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1475856439. “The country's newspaper of record is La Nación.”.
  22. ↑ "What We're Reading", The New York Times, 14 October 2011.
  23. ↑ (18 May 2022) “"American First Aid": Jerome Robbins and Leonard Bernstein at the Salzburg Festival, 1959”, Journal of Austrian-American History 6 (1), p. 76. doi:10.5325/jaustamerhist.6.1.0074. Alirita 25 October 2023..
  24. ↑ Markovits, Andrei S.. [1997] (18 October 2018) “Austria: Germany's Junior Partner”, The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe. Cornell University Press. doi:10.7591/9781501732898. ISBN 978-1-5017-3289-8.
  25. ↑ Beezley, William H.. (September 2021) Latin America 2020-2022, 54‑a eldono, Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1475856439. “The Nassau Guardian, founded in 1844, is the country's newspaper of record and one of the oldest continuously published newspapers in the Western Hemisphere.”.
  26. ↑ Roy, Anupam Debashis. (January 2020) Not All Springs End Winter. Adarsha. “Reports on the demands of the students that were published on the Daily Star, often considered Bangladesh's newspaper of record, ....”.
  27. ↑ Sklair, Leslie. (November 2020) The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the Risk. Routledge. ISBN 978-1000263763. “Bangladesh: The first and most articles (19) appear in The Daily Star, often considered the newspaper of record.”.
  28. ↑ Toussaint, Éric. (July 2012) A Glance in the Rearview Mirror: Neoliberal Ideology from its Origins to its Present. Haymarket Books. ISBN 9781608462841. “... Bruno Colmant, head of the Brussels stock exchange and professor of economics, published an oped in Le Soir, the Frenchlanguage daily newspaper of record, stating that ...”.
  29. ↑ Art, David. (May 2011) Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521720328. “For example, the Flemish newspaper of record, De Standaard, published an ...”.
  30. ↑ Field, Thomas C., Jr.. (2014) “Preface”, From Development to Dictatorship: Bolivia and the Alliance for Progress in the Kennedy Era, The United States in the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. doi:10.7591/cornell/9780801452604.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-8014-5260-4. “Bolivia's newspaper of record, El Diario”.
  31. ↑ (July 2022) “Institutional trauma across the Americas: Covid-19 as slow crisis”, International Journal of Cultural Studies 25 (3–4), p. 462–478. doi:10.1177/13678779211070019. “the leading national right-of-center newspaper of record, Estadão”.
  32. ↑ Fabricio, Roberto, "Brazilian Officers Issue Manifesto", Sun-Sentinel, 16 April 1992. Arkivigite je 2015-02-18 per la retarkivo Wayback Machine
  33. ↑ Carter, Cynthia. (December 2013) The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender. Routledge, p. 435. ISBN 978-0415527699. “The daily Folha de São Paulo is Brazil's newspaper of record”.
  34. ↑ (2012-01-27) “Les parlementaires québécois et Le Devoir dans le monde des médias”, Communication (fr) 29 (2). doi:10.4000/communication.2784.
  35. ↑ "Where's Mario", Maclean's, 25 August 2008. [rompita ligilo]
  36. ↑ "Endorsements, opinions flourish in Quebec", cbc.ca, 10 October 2008.
  37. ↑ “The Globe and Mail”, Encyclopædia Britannica.
  38. ↑ (March 2009) “Sense of Place in the Daily Newspaper”, Aether: The Journal of Media Geography 4, p. 62–84 [70]. “[T]he Toronto-based Globe and Mail has had the kind of success in Canada that the New York Times had enjoyed in the U.S., as the leading 'newspaper of record' with a national readership.”.
  39. ↑ (2009) “Helpless Maidens and Chivalrous Knights: Afghan Women in the Canadian Press”, Quarterly de la Universitato de Toronto 78 (2), p. 728–744. doi:10.3138/utq.78.2.728. 153558457. “This essay interrogates representations of Afghan women in the Globe and Mail, Canada's major English-language daily and newspaper of record.”.
  40. ↑ Keil, Roger. (2011) Networked Disease: Emerging Infections in the Global City. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1444399110.
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  54. ↑ Buckman 2007, p. 234: "The dean of Dominican newspapers is Listín Diario, founded in 1889 and still the most-read newspaper in the country, with a reported circulation of 88,000."
  55. ↑ Roorda, Eric Paul. (2016) Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780810879065. “Listín Diario resumed publication and quickly reclaimed its position as the newspaper of record in the republic.”.
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  146. ↑ Carter, Cynthia. (December 2013) The Routledge Companion to Media & Gender. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415527699. “The daily Público is Portugal's newspaper of record, with typical news and section divides.”.
  147. ↑ Fishman, Robert M.. (April 2019) Democratic Practice: Origins of the Iberian Divide in Political Inclusion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190912888. “.... with Portuguese journalists included José Manuel Fernandes, at the time director of Portugal's newspaper of record, Publico, Lisbon.”.
  148. ↑ Clark, John F.. (2012) Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7989-8. “... La Semaine Africaine, the Catholic weekly published in Brazzaville since preindependence, and the country's paper of record, continued to appear regularly at all times.”.
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  151. ↑ Dimitrova, Daniela V.. (2008) “Chapter 11. Coverage of the Election in Candidate Countries: A View from Bulgaria and Romania”, The EU Expansion: Communicating Shared Sovereignty in the Parliamentary. New York City: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-0243-1. “Adevarul was the largest newspaper in Romania during Communism. ... Today Adevarul is considered a prestigious newspaper.”.
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  157. ↑ (Winter 2023) “(De)coupling Positional Whiteness and White Identities through "Good English" in Singapore”, Signs and Society 11 (1), p. 23–44. doi:10.1086/722624. “the Straits Times [is] Singapore's state-run newspaper of record”.
  158. 1 2 3 Youm, Kyu Ho. (August 2018) “3”, Korean Communication, Media, and Culture: An Annotated Bibliography, 1‑a eldono, Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1498583329. “The prominent "big three" publications — Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, and Joongang Ilbo — are newspapers of record with a combined three million subscribers.”.
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  162. ↑ Sachsman, David B. (June 2022) Routledge Handbook of Environmental Journalism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1032336442. “For this chapter, we analyzed the environmental information published by the newspaper of record in Spain, El País.”.
  163. ↑ Enjuto-Rangel, Cecilia. (December 2019) Transatlantic Studies: Latin America, Iberia, and Africa. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1789620252. “A few days later, a Spanish newspaper of record, El País, published an interview ...”.
  164. ↑ . Research Guides: Scandinavian Studies: Newspapers (angle). Arkivita el la originalo je 2023-09-01. Alirita 2023-09-01 .
  165. ↑ "Immigrants outraged over Sweden's racial profiling", The Standard, 15 March 2013.
  166. ↑ Fossedal, Gregory. (2018) Direct Democracy in Switzerland. UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-14128-0505-6. “The Neue Zürcher Zeitung, the newspaper of record as the New York Times is in the United States”.
  167. ↑ “Neue Zürcher Zeitung”, Encyclopædia Britannica.
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  173. ↑ "Bangkok Post trashed for broadcasting Russian ambassador's 'propaganda'", Coconuts Bangkok, Coconuts Media, 16 March 2022.
  174. ↑ (November 2006) “Laureate of nowhere”, Caribbean Review of Books 10. Alirita 10 May 2022.. “..that although the Guardian is the nation's [Trinidad and Tobago] newspaper of record...”.
  175. ↑ Beezley, William H.. (September 2021) Latin America 2020-2022, 54‑a eldono, Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1475856439. “The [Trinidad and Togabo] Guardian, founded in 1917, is the country's newspaper of record.”.
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  178. ↑ (18 December 2014) The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement. A&C Black, p. 28–. ISBN 978-1-4411-5873-4.
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  187. ↑ Philp, Catherine, "Cambodia Daily survived tanks but not descent into outright dictatorship", The Times, 5 November 2017.
  188. ↑ "Cambodia Daily shuts with 'dictatorship' parting shot at prime minister Hun Sen", 4 September 2017.
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  190. ↑ Bienvenu, Helene, "Newspaper Closes in Hungary, and Hungarians See Government's Hand", 2016-10-11.

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