Zebroparulio

Kiel legi la taksonomion Zebroparulio
Zebroparulio
Biologia klasado
Regno: Animaloj Animalia Filumo: Ĥorduloj Chordata Klaso: Birdoj Aves Ordo: Paseroformaj Passeriformes Familio: Paruliedoj Parulidae Genro: Mniotilta Specio: 'M. varia'
Dunomo
Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus, 1766)
Konserva statuso
Konserva statuso: Malplej zorgiga
Aliaj Vikimediaj projektoj

La Zebroparulio, Mniotilta varia, estas malgranda paserina birdo de la familio de Paruliedoj de Ameriko kaj malgranda genro de Mniotilta, kie ĝi estas la ununura specio. Ĝi estas malgranda birdo kiu reproduktiĝas en norda kaj orienta Nordameriko el suda Kanado al Florido.

Tiu nearktisa specio estas migranta, kiu vintrumas en Florido, Centrameriko kaj Karibio suben al Peruo. Tiu specio estas tre rara vaganto al okcidenta Eŭropo, precipe al Irlando kaj Britio.

Tiu specio estas 13 cm longa kaj pezas 11 g. Somera masklo de Zebroparulio estas tre strieca blankanigra. La kapobildo estas rimarkinda: nome estas larĝa blanka superokula strio kaj super ili ambaŭflankaj nigraj kronaj strizonoj kiuj enfermas centre tre mallarĝan blankan kronostrion; la vizaĝo estas nigra (griza ĉe inoj) kaj tie videblas blanka suba duona okulringo. Estas du blankaj flugilstrioj. Inoj kaj junuloj estas similaj, sed pli senkoloraj aŭ malpli striecaj.

La puertorika endemio Angela parulio estas ofte konfuzata kun la simila nesamgenra Zebroparulio (Mniotilta varia), nereproduktanta specio en Karibio sed videbla en Puerto-Riko el mezo de septembro al komenco de majo. La ĉefa fizika distingilo estas ĉe okuloj. La Angela parulio havas duonigitan blankan okulringon dum la Zebroparulio havas blankan strion superokulan kaj blankan suban duonon de la okulringo. Alia distingilo troviĝas en la krono, ĉar tiu de la Angela parulio estas tute nigra kaj tiu de la Zebroparulio havas blankan vertican strion.

La reprodukta habitato estas arbaro larĝfolia aŭ miksita, prefere en pli humidaj areoj. La Zebroparulio nestumas surgrunde; la ino demetas 4-5 ovojn en tasforma nesto.

Tiuj birdoj manĝas insektojn kaj araneojn, kaj malkiel aliaj paruliedoj, la Zebroparulio manĝas kiel sito, moviĝante supren kaj suben laŭ arbotrunkoj kaj laŭlonge de branĉoj, sed ne uzas la voston kiel apogilo. La kanto estas altatona sii ŭii-sii ŭii-sii ŭii-sii ŭii-sii ŭii-sii, kaj la alvoko estas akra tik.

Referencoj

• BirdLife International (2004). Mniotilta varia. Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj, eldono de 2006. IUCN 2006. Elŝutita 12a Majo 2006. Malplej Zorgiga.
• Curson, Quinn and Beadle,New World Warblers ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
• Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica’’ ISBN 0-8014-9600-4

Eksteraj ligiloj

• Zebroparulio - Mniotilta varia - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
• Black-and-white Speciinformaro pri Zebroparulio - Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
• Zebroparulio, Informaro kaj fotoj - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
• Poŝtmarkoj
• Filmetoj de Zebroparulio ĉe Internet Bird Collection
• Zebroparulio, Birdosono Arkivigite je 2011-01-06 per la retarkivo Wayback Machine

Plia legado

Libro

• Kricher, J. C. 1995. Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia). In The Birds of North America, No. 158 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Tezoj

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• Marcum HA. Ph.D. (2005). The effects of human disturbance on birds in Bastrop State Park. Texas A&M University, United States -- Texas.

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• Wallace GE. Ph.D. (1998). Demography of Cuban bird communities in the nonbreeding season: Effects of forest type, resources, and hurricane. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States -- Missouri.

Artikoloj

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• Paszkowski CA, Sodhi NS, Jamieson S & Zohar SA. (2004). Habitat use and foraging behavior of male Black-and-white Warblers (Mniotilta varia) in forest fragments and in a contiguous boreal forest. Ornithological Science. vol 3, no 1. p. 75-84.

• Pomara LY, Cooper RJ & Petit LJ. (2003). Mixed-species flocking and foraging behavior of four Neotropical warblers in Panamanian shade coffee fields and forests. Auk. vol 120, no 4. p. 1000-1012.

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