Perioda tabelo: Malsamoj inter versioj
[nekontrolita versio] | [kontrolita revizio] |
AngeCI (diskuto | kontribuoj) |
→Perioda tabelo de la elementoj: korektado de la ligiloj kaj aspekto |
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Linio 13: | Linio 13: | ||
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|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Alkala metalo|1]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Nobla gaso|18]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 1|1]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 1|1]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>1</font><br />[[Hidrogeno|H]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Teralkala metalo|2]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 13|13]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 14|14]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 15|15]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 16|16]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Halogeno|17]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>2</font><br />[[Heliumo|He]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 2|2]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 2|2]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>3</font><br />[[Litio|Li]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>4</font><br />[[Berilio|Be]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>5</font><br />[[Boro|B]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>6</font><br />[[Karbono|C]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>7</font><br />[[Nitrogeno|N]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>8</font><br />[[Oksigeno|O]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>9</font><br />[[Fluoro|F]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>10</font><br />[[Neono|Ne]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 3|3]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 3|3]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>11</font><br />[[Natrio|Na]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>12</font><br />[[Magnezio|Mg]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 3|3]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 4|4]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 5|5]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 6|6]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 7|7]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 8|8]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 9|9]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 10|10]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 11|11]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[Elemento de grupo 12|12]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>13</font><br />[[Aluminio|Al]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>14</font><br />[[Silicio|Si]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>15</font><br />[[Fosforo|P]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>16</font><br />[[Sulfuro|S]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>17</font><br />[[Kloro|Cl]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>18</font><br />[[Argono|Ar]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 4|4]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 4|4]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>19</font><br />[[Kalio|K]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>20</font><br />[[Kalcio|Ca]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>21</font><br />[[Skandio|Sc]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>22</font><br />[[Titanio|Ti]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>23</font><br />[[Vanado|V]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>24</font><br />[[Kromio|Cr]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>25</font><br />[[Mangano|Mn]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>26</font><br />[[Fero|Fe]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>27</font><br />[[Kobalto|Co]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>28</font><br />[[Nikelo|Ni]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>29</font><br />[[Kupro|Cu]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom width= |
|align=center valign=bottom width=36 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>30</font><br />[[Zinko|Zn]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>31</font><br />[[Galiumo|Ga]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>32</font><br />[[Germaniumo|Ge]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>33</font><br />[[Arseno|As]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>34</font><br />[[Seleno|Se]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>35</font><br />[[Bromo|Br]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>36</font><br />[[Kriptono|Kr]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 5|5]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 5|5]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>37</font><br />[[Rubidio|Rb]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>38</font><br />[[Stroncio|Sr]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>39</font><br />[[Itrio|Y]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>40</font><br />[[Zirkonio|Zr]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>41</font><br />[[Niobio|Nb]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>42</font><br />[[Molibdeno|Mo]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(43)</font><br />[[Teknecio|Tc]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>44</font><br />[[Rutenio|Ru]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>45</font><br />[[Rodio|Rh]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>46</font><br />[[Paladio|Pd]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>47</font><br />[[Arĝento|Ag]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>48</font><br />[[Kadmio|Cd]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>49</font><br />[[Indio|In]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>50</font><br />[[Stano|Sn]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>51</font><br />[[Antimono|Sb]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>52</font><br />[[Teluro|Te]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>53</font><br />[[Jodo|I]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>54</font><br />[[Ksenono|Xe]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 6|6]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 6|6]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>55</font><br />[[Cezio|Cs]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>56</font><br />[[Bario|Ba]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>57-71</font><br />(La) |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>72</font><br />[[Hafnio|Hf]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>73</font><br />[[Tantalo|Ta]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>74</font><br />[[Volframo|W]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>75</font><br />[[Renio|Re]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>76</font><br />[[Osmio|Os]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>77</font><br />[[Iridio|Ir]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>78</font><br />[[Plateno|Pt]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>79</font><br />[[Oro|Au]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>80</font><br />[[Hidrargo|Hg]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>81</font><br />[[Talio (elemento)|Tl]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>82</font><br />[[Plumbo|Pb]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>83</font><br />[[Bismuto|Bi]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbbbff;" | <font size=1>84</font><br />[[Polonio|Po]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>85</font><br />[[Astato|At]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>86</font><br />[[Radono|Rn]] |
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|---- |
|---- |
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|[[Elemento de periodo 7|7]] |
|[[Elemento de periodo 7|7]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>87</font><br />[[Franciumo|Fr]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>88</font><br />[[Radiumo|Ra]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>89-103</font><br />(Ac) |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(104)</font><br />[[Ruterfordio|Rf]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(105)</font><br />[[Dubnio|Db]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(106)</font><br />[[Seborgio|Sg]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(107)</font><br />[[Borio|Bh]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(108)</font><br />[[Hasio|Hs]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(109)</font><br />[[Mejtnerio|Mt]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(110)</font><br />[[Darmŝtatio|Ds]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(111)</font><br />[[Rentgenio|Rg]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(112)</font><br />[[Kopernicio|Cn]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(113)</font><br />[[Nihonio|Nh]] |
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|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(114)</font><br />[[Flerovio|Fl]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(115)</font><br />[[Moskovio (elemento)|Mc]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(116)</font><br />[[Livermorumo|Lv]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(117)</font><br />[[Teneso|Ts]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom width=32 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(118)</font><br />[[Oganesono|Og]] |
|align=center valign=bottom width=32 style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffff;" | <font size=1>(118)</font><br />[[Oganesono|Og]] |
||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
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|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|||
|---- |
|---- |
||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" | |
||
|---- |
|---- |
||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" colspan=3 | [[Lantanoido|Lantanoida serio]] |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" colspan=3 | [[Lantanoido|Lantanoida serio]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>57</font><br />[[Lantano|La]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>58</font><br />[[Cerio|Ce]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>59</font><br />[[Prazeodimo|Pr]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>60</font><br />[[Neodimo|Nd]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>(61)</font><br />[[Prometio|Pm]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>62</font><br />[[Samario (kemio)|Sm]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>63</font><br />[[Eŭropio|Eu]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>64</font><br />[[Gadolinio|Gd]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>65</font><br />[[Terbio|Tb]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>66</font><br />[[Disprozio|Dy]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>67</font><br />[[Holmio|Ho]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>68</font><br />[[Erbio|Er]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>69</font><br />[[Tulio|Tm]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>70</font><br />[[Iterbio|Yb]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>71</font><br />[[Lutecio|Lu]] |
||
|---- |
|---- |
||
|width=32 style="border-style:none" colspan=3 | [[Aktinoido|Aktinoida serio]] |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" colspan=3 | [[Aktinoido|Aktinoida serio]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>89</font><br />[[Aktinio|Ac]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>90</font><br />[[Torio|Th]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>91</font><br />[[Protaktinio|Pa]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>92</font><br />[[Uranio|U]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(93)</font><br />[[Neptunio|Np]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(94)</font><br />[[Plutonio|Pu]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(95)</font><br />[[Americio|Am]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(96)</font><br />[[Kuriumo|Cm]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(97)</font><br />[[Berkelio|Bk]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(98)</font><br />[[Kaliforniumo|Cf]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(99)</font><br />[[Ejnŝtejnio|Es]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(100)</font><br />[[Fermio|Fm]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(101)</font><br />[[Mendelevio|Md]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddccdd;" | <font size=1>(102)</font><br />[[Nobelio|No]] |
||
|align=center valign=bottom |
|align=center valign=bottom style="background:#bbffff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" | <font size=1>(103)</font><br />[[Laŭrencio (elemento)|Lr]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Linio 219: | Linio 212: | ||
|+ '''Kemiaj serioj de la perioda tabelo''' |
|+ '''Kemiaj serioj de la perioda tabelo''' |
||
|---- |
|---- |
||
|style="background:#ffbbff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width= |
|style="background:#ffbbff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" height=50 width=108 align="center"|[[Alkala metalo|Alkalaj metaloj]] |
||
|style="background:#ffbb77; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width= |
|style="background:#ffbb77; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width=108 align="center"|[[Teralkala metalo|Teralkalaj metaloj]] |
||
|style="background:#bbffff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width= |
|style="background:#bbffff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width=108 align="center"|[[Transirmetalo]]j |
||
|style="background:#77bbff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width= |
|style="background:#77bbff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width=108 align="center"|[[Posttransira metalo|Posttransiraj metaloj]] |
||
|style="background:#bbbbff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width= |
|style="background:#bbbbff; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" width=108 align="center"|[[Metaloido]]j |
||
|---- |
|---- |
||
|style="background:#bbff77; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" |
|style="background:#bbff77; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" height=50 align="center"|[[Nemetalo]]j |
||
|style="background:#ffffbb; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" |
|style="background:#ffffbb; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" align="center"|[[Halogeno]]j |
||
|style="background:#77ffbb; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" |
|style="background:#77ffbb; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" align="center"|[[Nobla gaso|Noblaj gasoj]] |
||
|style="background:#ddbbdd; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" |
|style="background:#ddbbdd; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" align="center"|[[Lantanoido]]j |
||
|style="background:#ddccdd; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" |
|style="background:#ddccdd; border-style:solid; border-width:2px; border-color:#888888;" align="center"|[[Aktinoido]]j |
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Kiel registrite je 21:04, 9 maj. 2017
La perioda tabelo de kemiaj elementoj estas tabela prezento de ĉiuj konataj kemiaj elementoj. Kvankam variantoj de la tabelo ekzistis jam antaŭe, la honoro de ĝia invento estas atribuita al rusa kemiisto Dmitrij Mendelejev, kiu proponis tiun tabelon en 1869. Mendelejev proponis la tabelon por ilustri la ripetiĝantajn („periodajn“) ecojn de kemiaj elementoj. La ĝusta strukturo de la tabelo estis plurfoje precizigata dum malkovro de pliaj kemiaj elementoj, kaj dum oni evoluigis pliajn teoriajn modelojn por klarigi la eco-ŝanĝojn de jam ekzistantaj elementoj.[1]
La perioda tabelo nun estas universala en ĉiuj branĉoj de kemio, ĝi donas ekstreme utilan referencon por klasigi, sistemigi kaj kompari diversajn formojn de kemiaj ecoj. La tabelo ankaŭ trovas vastan aplikon en fiziko, biologio, inĝenierado kaj industrio. La nuntempa norma tabelo, laŭ ties versio de februaro 2010, enhavas 118 elementojn (elementoj 1H ĝis 118Og).
Strukturo de la tabelo
La strukturo de la tabelo ilustras la ripetiĝantajn („periodajn“) kemiajn ecojn. La elementoj estas listigitaj laŭ pligrandiĝanta sinsekvo de iliaj atomnumeroj (t.e. la kvanto de protonoj en la atoma kerno). La vicoj estas aranĝitaj tiel, ke elementoj kun similaj ecoj formu vertikalajn kolumnojn („grupoj“). Laŭ la teorioj de kvantuma mekaniko de elektrona konfiguraĵo de la atomoj, ĉiu horizontala vico („periodo“) en la tabelo rilatas al la plenigo de certa kvantuma ŝelo per elektronoj. La iam pligrandiĝantaj periodoj dum oni alproksimiĝas al la fundo de la tabelo grupigas elementojn en la s-, p-, d- kaj f-blokojn, kiuj respegulas ilian elektronan konfiguraĵon.
Sur printitaj tabeloj ĉiu elemento kutime aperas per sia elementa simbolo kaj atomnumero; multaj versioj de la tabelo ankaŭ listigas atomajn masojn kaj alian informon, ekzemple akronimita elektrona konfiguraĵo, elektronegativeco kaj la plej ofta valento.
Laŭ la stato de 2010 la tabelo enhavas 118 kemiajn elementojn, kies malkovro estis konfirmita. 94 nature troveblas sur la Tero, kaj la resto estas sintezitaj elementoj, kiuj estis produktitaj en partiklaj akceliloj. Elementoj 43 (teknecio), 61 (prometio), 93 (neptunio) kaj 94 (plutonio) ne havas stabilajn izotopojn kaj estis unue malkovritaj per sintezo; tamen, kiel oni poste eltrovis, ili troviĝas en spuraj kvantoj kiel produktoj de disfalo de naturaj radioaktivaj elementoj.
Perioda tabelo de la elementoj
1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 H |
2 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 2 He | ||||||||||
2 | 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne | ||||||||||
3 | 11 Na |
12 Mg |
3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar |
4 | 19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr |
5 | 37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
(43) Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe |
6 | 55 Cs |
56 Ba |
57-71 (La) |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn |
7 | 87 Fr |
88 Ra |
89-103 (Ac) |
(104) Rf |
(105) Db |
(106) Sg |
(107) Bh |
(108) Hs |
(109) Mt |
(110) Ds |
(111) Rg |
(112) Cn |
(113) Nh |
(114) Fl |
(115) Mc |
(116) Lv |
(117) Ts |
(118) Og |
Lantanoida serio | 57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
(61) Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
71 Lu | |||
Aktinoida serio | 89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
(93) Np |
(94) Pu |
(95) Am |
(96) Cm |
(97) Bk |
(98) Cf |
(99) Es |
(100) Fm |
(101) Md |
(102) No |
(103) Lr |
Alkalaj metaloj | Teralkalaj metaloj | Transirmetaloj | Posttransiraj metaloj | Metaloidoj |
Nemetaloj | Halogenoj | Noblaj gasoj | Lantanoidoj | Aktinoidoj |
Aliaj variantoj de la tabelo
Vidu ankaŭ
- Atomnumero
- Kemio
- Lantanoido
- Listo de kemiaj elementoj laŭ simbolo
- Listo de kemiaj elementoj laŭ atomnumero
- Hidrogeno
- Kemia elemento
- Metalo
- Dmitrij Mendelejev
- Valento (kemio)
- Kemia kombinaĵo
- Ununoktio
Referencoj
Eksteraj ligiloj
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